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5 Types of Loans in India: Understanding Interest Rates
Published on May 27, 2020Updated on Nov 22, 2024
A loan is essentially an amount borrowed for a fixed period. The amount borrowed requires it to be repaid along with a predetermined amount of interest that is calculated on the principal amount. There are different types of loans in India which can be subdivided into secured and unsecured loans.
Different Types of Loans Available in India
Loans can be broadly categorized into two main types: secured loans and unsecured loans.
Secured Loans
Secured loans are backed by collateral, which is an asset you pledge as security against the loan. These loans typically offer lower interest rates and higher borrowing limits due to the reduced risk for the lender. Common examples include:
- Home Loans: Used for buying or constructing a house.
- Car Loans: Specifically for purchasing vehicles.
- Loan Against Property: Where you use your property as collateral.
- Gold Loans: Secured by gold jewelry or assets.
- Secured Business Loans: Supporting business ventures with collateral.
Unsecured Loans
Unsecured loans, on the other hand, do not require collateral, making them accessible to a broader range of borrowers. They are approved based on creditworthiness and financial stability. Some popular unsecured loans are:
- Personal Loans: Versatile loans for various personal expenses.
- Credit Cards: A revolving line of credit.
- Education Loans: Funding for educational purposes.
- Travel Loans: To fund vacations and travel adventures.
- Medical Loans: Covering medical expenses.
Different Types of Unsecured Loans in India
Financial institutions offer loans without collateral based on different factors like the borrower’s credit score, repayment history etc. Lenders can avail of these loans to finance different experiences as well as deal with emergencies without creating a dent in their pockets. The different types of unsecured loans you can avail of to finance your requirements are as follows:
1. Personal Loan
You can opt for a personal loan to finance any of your requirements that include education, marriage etc. The number of persons applying for personal loans to finance different needs has increased sharply in the past decade. Between 2015 and 2018, unsecured loans have witnessed a growth of approximately 27 per cent or 4 times the bank credit. The increase in borrowing growth is attributed to several reasons like lower interest rates, liquidity and quicker disbursements etc. Receive an estimate of the amount you are eligible for with the help of a personal loan eligibility calculator.
The required documents for personal loans include:
- KYC documents that include Aadhaar card, driving license, voting card etc.
- Salary slips of the last two months and income proof for self-employed professionals.
- Savings/current account statements.
- A copy of the Income Tax statement.
- Form 16.
2. Small Business Loan
It doesn't matter whether you are a budding entrepreneur or a business person looking to expand your business. Business loans have your back with customized solutions for all your requirements. You can avail of a business loan right from financing your capital requirements, expanding premises as well as hiring staff. The advantages of opting for small business loans include:
- The loan amount approved will be credited to your account shortly after loan approval, with only minimum documents that can enable you to commence operations without delay.
- Choose a repayment tenure that ranges from 12-60 months that best suits your requirements. Time your repayment in sync with your cash flow.
Must Read: Types of Unsecured Loans in India
3. Education Loans
Designed to finance the educational pursuits of students, these loans cover tuition fees, living expenses, and related costs, easing the burden of educational expenses. Apply for Personal Loan for Higher Education.
4. Wedding Loan
Designed to cover wedding expenses, these loans help couples create memorable celebrations by offering funds for venues, catering, attire, and other wedding-related costs. Apply for Personal Loan for Wedding.
5. Vacation Loan
Enabling individuals to enjoy their dream vacations, these loans provide the necessary funds for travel expenses, accommodations, and leisure activities, making travel aspirations a reality. Apply for a Personal loan for Holiday.
Different Types of Secured Loans in India
Secured loans require you to provide an asset as a security against your borrowing. The assets secure the rights of the lender in case the borrower cannot make good the borrowings. The loans have a lower rate of interest as compared to unsecured loans. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana initiative by the Prime Minister of India has provided a major impetus to home loans in India. A couple of secured loans include:
1. Home Loan
A home loan provides you with the finance required to purchase or construct the home of your dreams. You have the option of applying for a loan to purchase a new or resale home, home improvement and extension. The lender requires you to pay approximately 20% of the cost of the home upfront.
You can opt for a longer repayment tenure to ensure that the home loan does not cause a strain on your finances.
2. Loan Against Property
Property loans allow you to mortgage your property to avail of funds to finance your business or personal requirements.
The loan amount disbursed ranges between 60-70% of the market value of a residential or commercial property. Negotiate with the representative of the lender to vail the best value on your property.
Contact the lender’s representatives to avail of a product that best suits your needs.
Must Read: How To Get Tax Benefits On Loan Against Property
3. Loan Against Securities
Loan against securities allows you to capitalize your investments by pledging them to borrow funds for personal or business requirements. You have the option of pledging investments like shares, mutual funds etc. Advantages of opting for a loan against securities include:
Pledge a wide number of approved securities like shares, mutual funds, bonds etc. to obtain a loan of approximately 70% of the units pledged. Reap the benefits of multiple repayment options and no prepayment charges.
4. Gold Loan
A financial instrument where you pledge your gold assets as collateral to secure a loan, providing immediate liquidity while retaining ownership of your gold holdings.
5. Loan Against Insurance Policies
An arrangement allowing policyholders to borrow against the cash value of their life insurance policies, without surrendering the policy itself.
Must Read: All You Need to Know About Loan Against Insurance Policy
6. Loan Against Mutual Funds and Shares
A financing option that permits the use of mutual fund units or shares as collateral for obtaining a loan, preserving long-term investments.
7. Loan Against PF/EPF
Borrowing against your Provident Fund (PF) or Employee Provident Fund (EPF) balance, offering a source of short-term funds without affecting your retirement savings.
8. Loan Against Fixed Deposit
A credit facility where a fixed deposit serves as collateral, allowing access to funds while maintaining the deposit's interest and tenure.
9. Vehicle Loan
A structured lending arrangement for financing the purchase of vehicles, including cars and two-wheelers, tailored to meet transportation needs.
10. Car Loan
A financial product designed to facilitate the acquisition of an automobile, either new or used, through structured lending and repayment terms.
11. Two-wheeler Loan
A loan product specifically intended for the purchase of two-wheelers, streamlining the process of acquiring such vehicles.
Difference Between Secured and Unsecured Loans
|
Criteria |
Secured Loans |
Unsecured Loans |
|
Collateral Requirement |
Requires collateral such as property, vehicle, or assets, to secure the loan. |
No collateral required; approval is based on creditworthiness and other important factors. |
|
Risk For Borrower |
Lower risk for borrowers as collateral reduces lender’s risk. |
Higher risk for the borrower and there is no collateral to mitigate the lender's risk. |
|
Loan Amount |
Allows for larger loan amounts due to collateral's value. |
Offers smaller loan amounts compared to secured loans. |
|
Default Consequences |
Default can lead to the lender seizing the collateral as repayment. |
Default may result in legal action, but there's no collateral to recover. |
|
Examples |
Home loans, car loans, secured business loans. |
Personal loans, credit cards, education loans. |
Secured vs Unsecured Loan – Pros and Cons
|
Secured Loans |
Unsecured Loans |
|
|
Pros |
1. Lower Interest Rates: Typically offer lower interest rates due to collateral, resulting in lower overall costs. 2. Higher Loan Amounts: Collateral allows for larger loan amounts. 3. Easier Approval: Collateral reduces lender risk, making approval more accessible. 4. Longer Repayment Terms: Often provide longer repayment periods, spreading out the debt. |
1. No Collateral Needed: Borrowers don't need to risk their assets as collateral. 2. Faster Approval: Approval is usually quicker, as it depends on creditworthiness rather than asset assessment. 3. Versatility: Funds can be used for various purposes without restrictions. 4. No Asset Risk: Default doesn't risk losing assets, as there's no collateral. |
|
Cons |
1. Collateral Required: Assets like homes or vehicles must be pledged as collateral, risking asset loss in case of default. 2. Limited Eligibility: Not suitable for those without valuable assets to pledge. 4. Higher Risk for Borrower: The risk of losing assets can create stress. |
1. Lower Loan Amounts: Loan limits are often lower compared to secured loans. 2. Stricter Eligibility: Approval depends on credit score and income, limiting access for some. 3. Shorter Terms: Repayment terms may be shorter than secured loans, potentially increasing monthly payments. |
Conclusion
In the world of lending, the choice between secured and unsecured loans comes down to a careful consideration of individual circumstances and financial goals. Secured loans, backed by collateral, offer lower interest rates, higher loan amounts, and easier approval for those with valuable assets. However, the risk of asset loss in case of default can be a significant drawback, making it crucial to weigh the benefits against potential consequences.
On the other hand, unsecured loans, although have stricter eligibility criteria, provide borrowers with a more accessible and versatile financing option. They require no collateral, offer faster approval, and allow funds to be used for various purposes without restrictions.
Ultimately, the decision hinges on personal financial stability, risk tolerance, and the intended use of the loan.
* Please note that this article is for your knowledge only. Loans are disbursed at the sole discretion of SMFG India Credit. Final approval, loan terms, disbursal process, foreclosure charges and foreclosure process will be subject to SMFG India Credit's policy at the time of loan application. If you wish to know more about our products and services, please contact us
FAQs
Which loan has a high interest rate?
Unsecured loans typically have higher interest rates due to the lender's risk, as there is no collateral involved. Borrowers pay a premium in the form of higher interest to compensate for the increased risk undertaken by the lender.
Can I take a personal loan to start a business?
Yes, personal loans offer financial flexibility and can be used for various purposes, including starting a business. However, the terms and conditions of the loan, including interest rates and eligibility, may vary depending on the lender.
Can I get a loan if I am self-employed in India?
Yes, self-employed individuals can secure loans in India. In addition to meeting general eligibility criteria, they should demonstrate a minimum yearly profit after tax, which varies based on the industry and profession.
What are the 2 main types of loans?
The two main types of loans are secured loans, which require collateral, and unsecured loans, which do not involve collateral. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, catering to different borrowing needs.
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